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1 водная эрозия
водная эрозия
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
water erosion
The breakdown of solid rock into smaller particles and its removal by water. As weathering, erosion is a natural geological process, but more rapid soil erosion results from poor land-use practices, leading to the loss of fertile topsoil and to the silting of dams, lakes, rivers and harbours. There are three classes of erosion by water. a) Splash erosion occurs when raindrops strike bare soil, causing it to splash, as mud, to flow into spaces in the soil and to turn the upper layer of soil into a structureless, compacted mass that dries with a hard, largely impermeable crust. b) Surface flow occurs when soil is removed with surface run-off during heavy rain. c) Channelized flow occurs when a flowing mixture of water and soil cuts a channel, which is then deepened by further scouring. A minor erosion channel is called a rill, a larger channel a gully. (Source: ALL)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > водная эрозия
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2 bottleneck
noun* * *noun (a place where slowing down or stopping of traffic, progress etc occurs: a bottleneck caused by roadworks.) der Engpaß* * *ˈbot·tle·neckn1. TRANSP verengte Fahrbahn3. MUS\bottleneck guitar mit Bottleneck[s] gespielte Gitarre* * *A s Flaschenhals m, Engpass m (beide auch fig:in in dat)B v/t & v/i US fig hemmen* * *noun* * *expr.Engpass -¨e m. -
3 облучение продуктов питания
облучение продуктов питания
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
food irradiation
The most recent addition to food preservation technologies is the use of ionizing radiation, which has some distinct advantages over conventional methods. With irradiation, foods can be treated after packaging, thus eliminating post-processing contamination. In addition, foods are preserved in a fresh state and can be kept longer without noticeable loss of quality. Food irradiation leaves no residues, and changes in nutritional value due to irradiation are comparable with those produced by other processes. Irradiation is the process of applying high energy to a material, such as food, to sterilize or extend its shelf-life by killing microorganisms, insects and other pests residing on it. Sources of ionizing radiation that have been used include gamma rays, electron beams and X-rays. Gamma rays are produced by radioactive isotopes such as Cobalt-60. Electron beams are produced by linear accelerators, which themselves are powered by electricity. The dose applied to a product is the most important factor of the process. At high doses, food is essentially sterilized, just as occurs in canning. Products so treated can be stored at room temperature almost indefinitely. Controversial and banned in some countries. (Source: IFSE / VCN)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > облучение продуктов питания
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4 reaction
nounReaktion, die (to auf + Akk.)what was his reaction? — wie hat er reagiert?
* * *[-ʃən]1) (the act of reacting: What was his reaction to your remarks?; I get a bad reaction from penicillin; I'd like to ask you for your reactions to these suggestions.) die Reaktion2) (a change of opinions, feelings etc (usually against someone or something): The new government was popular at first, but then a reaction began.) die Rückwirkung3) (a process of change which occurs when two or more substances are put together: (a) nuclear reaction; a chemical reaction between iron and acid.) die Reaktion* * *re·ac·tion[riˈækʃən]nwhat was his \reaction when you told him you were leaving him? wie reagierte er, als du ihm sagtest, du würdest ihn verlassen?there has been a widespread \reaction against the government's proposed tax increases die von der Regierung vorgesehenen Steuererhöhungen stoßen weitgehend auf Ablehnungchain \reaction Kettenreaktion f2. (reflexes)to have quick \reactions ein gutes Reaktionsvermögen habento cause a \reaction in [certain] people bei [bestimmten] Personen eine Reaktion hervorrufento have an allergic \reaction to sth auf etw akk allergisch reagieren4. CHEM, PHYS Reaktion fnuclear \reaction Kernreaktion f\reaction accelerator Reaktionsbeschleuniger m\reaction chain Reaktionskette f\reaction flask Reaktionskolben m\reaction of formation Bildungsreaktion fthe forces of \reaction die reaktionären Kräfteaction and \reaction Wirkung f und Gegenwirkung f, Aktion f und Reaktion f* * *[riː'kSən]n1) (= response CHEM, PHYS) Reaktion f (to auf +acc, against gegen)what was his reaction to your suggestion? — wie hat er auf Ihren Vorschlag reagiert?, wie war seine Reaktion auf Ihren Vorschlag?
a reaction against feminism — eine Absage an den Feminismus
4) (ST__NBSP;EX) Umschwung m, Rückgang m* * *reaction [rıˈækʃn; riː-] swhat was their reaction to …? wie haben sie auf … reagiert?b) pl Reaktionsfähigkeit f, -vermögen n2. POL Reaktion f (auch als Bewegung), Rückschritt(lertum) m(n)3. Reaktion f (from, against gegen), Rück-, Gegenwirkung f (on, upon auf akk)4. WIRTSCH rückläufige Bewegung, (Kurs-, Preis- etc) Rückgang m5. MIL Gegenstoß m, -schlag m6. MED Reaktion f:a) Rückwirkung fb) Probe f7. CHEM Reaktion f, Umwandlung f8. PHYSa) Reaktion f, Rückwirkung fb) Kernreaktion f9. ELEK Rückwirkung f, -kopp(e)lung f:reaction capacitor Rückkopplungskondensator m* * *nounReaktion, die (to auf + Akk.)* * *n.Gegenwirkung f.Reaktion -en f. -
5 биохимический цикл
биохимический цикл
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
biogeochemical cycle
Movement of chemical elements in a circular pathway, from organisms to physical environment, back to organisms. The process is termed a nutrient cycle if the elements concerned are trace elements, which are essential to life. A biogeochemical cycle occurs when vegetation decomposes and minerals are incorporated naturally in the humus for future plant growth. (Source: WRIGHT)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > биохимический цикл
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